The Structure And Content Of Basel Ii Accord Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Basel II was implemented in the year 2004 by BCBS (Basel Committee on banking supervision), it was to create an international standard of banking regulations on banks capital to safeguard financial, operational and market risks. Basel II has 3 pillars Pillar 1 Minimum Capital Requirement It focuses on Credit risk Operational risk Market risk Credit Risk Standardised Approach Standardised approach focuses on regulatory capital with key elements of the banking risk; it helps in credit risk mitigation techniques and differentiating risk weights. Capital requirement is calculated by dividing bank asset into 5 categories Corporate Sovereign Bank Retail and Equity Risk weights are determined for each risk category and is rated by borrowers credit rating Foundation internal ratings based approach Focuses on probability of loan defaults and feeds data into complex probability based formula, this helps in finding risk weight and the capital amount to be held against the loan. Advanced internal ratings based approach Estimates loss given default and other risks in prescribed formula to determine risk weight and capital charge against a loan. This was implemented in 1990 and Basel II was followed in banking industry. Operational Risk: Risk that occurs within the business due to lack of control process Pillar 2: The Supervisory Review Process Pillar 2 has two aspects. First aspect requires banks to assess their  overall  risk profile like credit concentration risk, liquidity risk, reputation and model risk. Second aspect is supervisory review processes. This analyzes overall risk and creates a higher prudential capital ratio Pillar 3: Market Discipline It requires disclosure of information on bank capital positions and risk-management processes; this is to strengthen the market. 2. Role of FSA to bank supervision The  Financial Services Authority  (FSA) is an independent non-governmental body,  and a company limited by guarantee responsible for the  financial regulation.FSA aims to provide efficient, orderly and fair financial markets to help customers achieve fair deal and to improve its business capability and effectiveness The objective of FSA includes †¢ Standard market confidence in financial system; †¢ promoting public understanding of the financial system; †¢ securing the appropriate degree of protection for consumers; and †¢ helping reduce financial crime The FSA is wholly responsible for the Treasury and to Parliament for the effective discharge of its functions. agrave; FSA is responsible for the authorisation and prudential supervision of financial services firms, including banks, building societies, investment firms, insurance companies and brokers, credit unions and friendly societies. The FSA also applies conduct of business reg ulation for the mortgage, insurance and investment mediation activities of these firms. agrave;The Board provides advice on the following matters: Policies and principles of supervision of institutions authorised under banking supervisory legislation; The development and evolution of supervisory practice; Administration of banking supervisory legislation, including advice on individual cases; -Structure, staffing and training of banking supervisors agrave;The Board and its members are free to take the initiative in raising matters within these areas and have rights of access to the Chancellor. Q3 Introduction of Basel II made change in return on regulatory capital as the calculation for regulatory capital changed. This changed the lending practices in banks, financial institutions and other insurance companies, Basel II made changes in the internal environment for all lenders; it created great risk based pricing in the loan market and creates difference in capital required between risky and safer lenders, different types of lenders such as consumer finance are safer and lenders for mortgage they become riskier. In this competitive world, due to global financial crisis has revealed that there is need for risk management and self-assessment in every process. The financial crisis has revealed the weakness in approach to risk management that was developed by Basel II. Basel II has failed to provide adequate information such as collapse in market liquidity as investor confidence was disappeared, huge losses that occurred in the market value of securities held by the bank. Mortgage backed securities were on to liquidity, the past performance on reliability of credit ratings were not credibility, due to risk in the lenders the financial crisis shows at time of severe stress the banks and other financial institutions have potential to create domino effect where safe lenders can be put to risk, because of other banks and institutions ar e at risk the counter parties are also put to risk These are the criterias which resulted in implementation of Basel III, these changes are considered by the Basel committee and the place where changes required are analysed, updated through a range of changes embodied as Basel III

The Health Behavior Of Tobacco Use Among Adolescents

Tobacco Use Among Adolescents Karah Brasher National University Abstract This paper addresses the health behavior of tobacco use among adolescents. There are many risk factors that contribute to this health behavior, as well as risk factors that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of tobacco use among adolescents. Tobacco Use Among Adolescents Over the last decade of two there has been a huge push to end the use of tobacco products such as cigarettes and chewing tobacco. These tobacco products have been proven time and time again to cause numerous serious health conditions and can be the direct cause of deadly conditions like lung cancer, mouth cancer and heart disease. Typically when one thinks of smoking and chewing, it’s an older generation that comes to mind. However, it’s been shown that tobacco use primarily starts in the early adolescent years. The CDC states that nearly 9 out of 10 cigarette smokers, smoked their first cigarette by age 18. The numbers of adolescent smokers grow almost daily. It’s estimated that more than 3800 youth aged 18 years or younger have smoked their first cigarette, and an additional 2,100 youth and young adults become daily smokers. (CDC, 2011) Another prevalent form of tobacco use is smokeless tobacco. An example of this is chewing tobacco. Smoking tobacco has become a growing habit for adolescent males, though a small percentage of females also use it. The CDC states that as of 2014 2 out of every 100 middle school studentsShow MoreRelatedTobacco Use Among Adolescents And Young Adults1287 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Tobacco use among adolescents has been increasing over the years due to marketing strategies that target adolescents and attempt to promote beliefs that influence smoking behaviors. Many of the smoking behaviors are established in adolescents and young adults who are more influenced by exposure to promotional marketing advertisements such as billboards, transit ads, and other strategies that impose acceptable social norms among their peers. According to the CDC, in 2012, 6.7% of middleRead MoreSocial And Ecological Model Of Public Health1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe social/ecological model of public health is a multilevel system that emphasizes on the linkages among several factors or determinants affecting health from an individual level to a larger social network (Coreil, 2010). This model is organized according to five hierarchical levels of influence: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and society (Coreil, 2010). Intrapersonal level can include biological and psychological factors such as genetics, cognition, and personality; interpersonalRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among Adolescents And Their Smoking Behaviors948 Words   |  4 Pages Substance abuse among adolescents has become more common in the United States and the root of the problem is aimed towards blaming parental influence. The article, Adolescents’ perceptions of Parental; Influence on Their Smoking Behavior: A Content Analysis is mainly about a study that consisted of interviewing 35 adolescents ranging from the ages of 14 and 18 to find out if and how their parents influenced their personal smoking behaviors (Maggi et al. 2014). The interviews were recordedRead MoreInfluence Of Tobacco Use. â€Å"The Prevalence Of Current Smoking1162 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence of Tobacco Use â€Å"The prevalence of current smoking among youth is lower than it has been in decades, and the rate of quitting smoking in younger birth cohorts has been increasing. Nonetheless, tobacco use among youth remains a public health problem of substantial importance due to adolescents being the time when most smokers start (Aldrich, Hidalgo, Widome et al., 2015).† About 87% of adults started smoking before the age of 18, while 98% started before the age of 26 (Aldrich, Hidalgo,Read MoreSexual And Reproductive Health, Tobacco And Alcohol Usage, Infectious Disease And Environmental Issues Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagessexual and reproductive health, tobacco and alcohol usage, infectious disease and environmental related heath issues are major concerns for Mongolian youth. All medical and hospital services are free and health care is under the control of state[1]. Each province has at least two hospitals, and as of 2004 there were approximately 18 dentists, 31 pharmacists, 267 phy sicians, and 305 nurses per 100,000 people[2]. The World Health Organization established and supports nine adolescent-friendly clinics aroundRead MoreThe Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Health884 Words   |  4 Pagesadversely affects health, there are more than 4 million adults reported as active smokers. In many cases, nicotine addiction began in their adolescent years. The Center for Disease Control has estimated a prevention of 1 million deaths per year and 2 million due to tobacco control and programs shifting the leading cause of death or prevalence onto the youth (quote). Despite the benefits of tobacco control policies such as the excise tax, the nicotine epidemic among adolescents continues to proliferateRead MoreAdolescent Suicide. Internationally, Suicide Ranks Fourth1507 Words   |  7 PagesAdolescent Suicide Internationally, suicide ranks fourth among the major causes of adolescents’ deaths (Peltzer Pengpid, 2015). Suicide ranks as the third major reason of adolescents’ deaths in the U.S. in addition to second in Europe (Shlosberg et al., 2014). In the United States, deaths of people among the ages of 10 and 24 are primarily related to auto accidents, accidental injuries, homicide, and suicide (accounting for 17%) (Shlosberg et al., 2014). The report also established that 14.6% ofRead More Adolescents, Mental Health, and Cigarette Smoking Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesthis research interested in looking at mental health and its relationship to cigarette smoking. By searching the Internet, I found myself being drawn into the discourse surrounding cigarette smoking, mental health and adolescents/adolescence. By seeing nicotine as addictive, and therefore an abuseable substance, and understanding the neurological effects nicotine has on the brain, we can see how cigarette s moking is connected to mental health. In adolescents the effect is even more pronounced becauseRead MoreSubstance Abuse : A Public Health Problem Among American Children And Adolescents1561 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance use and abuse is a definitely a public health problem among American children and adolescents. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, substance abuse is the excessive use of a drug or the use of a drug without medical justification. There are various different substances that adolescents are abusing. Alcohol is the most abused in adolescence with four in ten high school seniors consuming some type of alcoholic beverage in the past month and more than one in five engaging in bingeRead MoreGroup Counseling824 Words   |  3 Pagesdependency on tobacco, and alternative tobacco uses. Alternative tobacco uses include; smokeless tobacco, hookah and cigars. The topic is chosen because; tobacco is identified as a cause of mortality and morbidity rate causing an imme nse burden to the society while it is the most preventable cause. The topic is also chosen because adolescent smokers have a higher likelihood of establishing tobacco use and dependency in later life. Clinicians have recommended different forms of treatment to tobacco dependency

The Core Values Of Social Work - 1589 Words

Statement of Purpose Social work concentrates not only on the wellbeing of society, but also the welfare of individuals, families, groups, and communities. Social work is a critical tool in acknowledging national controversial issues such as transparency in the government but can also address local concerns, like gang related activity within a community. It means seeing issues affecting daily lives and taking the initiative to enact a solution. Social work encompasses many facets such as community development, program development, public policy, intervention, and direct one-on-one communication. The core values of social work for me include the overall well being of society, social justice for all, equality, and dignity among individuals.†¦show more content†¦Not long after, they enrolled her in school and extracurricular activities. She was getting the love and support as a young girl should, and she recognized it. She even said to me one day, â€Å"Ashley, I’m so lucky now.† I k new she was comparing her new opportunity to her old situation. As the school year went on, she formed a close bond with her foster brother and they even began to refer to each other as sibling. I witnessed the familial love grow organically between the family and Chelsea. After two years of being considered a foster child, the family was finally able to legally adopt Chelsea. The adoption day was incredibly meaningful to the whole family. Chelsea had a new last name and the family officially had a new daughter/sister. Working with Chelsea and the family, completely changed my views of the foster care and adoption system. I learned that children could grow to love their adoptive parents as their own, and vice versa. The experience can both be appreciative and enlightening for everyone involved. After college, I searched for a career in which I could continue to help children. Luckily, I was offered a position in the finance department at the Children’s Institute, Inc. (CII). I would be indirectly helping children, but nonetheless contributing. The Children’s Institute, Inc. is a non-profit organization focusing on comprehensive social services for infants, children, youth and the whole entire family. CIIShow MoreRelatedThe Core Value Of Social Work1025 Words   |  5 PagesThe first core value of social work is service. The purpose of service is to simply help those in need. It is our duty to find the help and support that individuals need in order to function properly, both individually and socially. Social workers have the ability to see potential in individuals and it is our job to help individuals find that potential. It is also our duty to address social issues. In order to do provide the services needed for individuals, social workers must use their own sourceRead MoreThe Core Values Of Social Work1011 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout this course we learned the foundation of Social Work, how it began and how eventually it branched out. The importance of Social Policies, Social Justice, meeting all human needs and understanding the core ethical values of Social Work. We learned how it all began with the church, we can even go further back to the Native Americans and Pilgrim times. Where the first display of Social Work took place then and there, we were able to learn that with Edwin in his first Presentation that gaveRead MoreThe Social Work Profession And Core Values Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthe social work profession and its core values is that social workers are caregivers, they provide assistance to people in need and they address social problems. The social worker goal is the improvement of society in order to ameliorate the lives of individuals in need. The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance th e well-being of people and to help them meet their basic needs, with special emphasis on the needs of the poor, and the vulnerable individual. The social work missionRead MoreThe Six Core Values Of Social Work713 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"The primary mission of a Social Worker profession is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. A historic and defining feature of social work is the profession’s focus on individual well-being of society. Fundamental to social work is attention to the environmental forces that create, contribute to, and address problems in living.† (NASWRead MoreThe Social Work Profession And Its Core Values Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding of the social work profession and its core values is that social workers are caregivers, they provide assistance to people in need, and they address social problems. The social worker goal is the improvement of society to ameliorate the lives of individuals in need. The social work profession mission is to enhance the well-being of people and to assist them in meeting their basic needs, with particular emphasis on the needs of the poor, and the vulnerable individual. The Social Work professionRead MoreCore Social Work Ethics And Values Essay2536 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction to Social Work Element1 This essay will explore two examples of core social work ethics and values and discuss the importance of the chosen principles. It will also discuss the implications that would arise if a social work professional did not comply to the standards of conduct , performance and ethics. It can be argued that the values and ethics that underpin social work are at the core of the practice ; this is what separates it in a distinct manner amongst other professionsRead MoreMy Core Values : Leadership, Openness, Respect, And Faith1425 Words   |  6 PagesMy core values are leadership, openness, respect, compassion, equality and faith. The reading impacted these core values, because I learned as a social worker, you must occasionally take leadership. Openness is always important when working with individuals, families, groups, and communities of different backgrounds. Everyone deserves respect, and being that I will be working with individuals that are going through tough situations, I have to always have respect. Compassion is a must because I wantRead MoreThe Social Work Code Of Ethics1059 Words   |  5 Pagesof the social work profession is deeply rooted in a specific set of core values. These strict set of beliefs are embraced by professional history and are the f ramework to social work s unique purpose and mission. The six core values include Service, Social Justice, Dignity and Worth of the Person, Importance of Human Relationships, Integrity, and Competence. As Social Workers begin or continue their journey in social work it is significant to always properly represent, and advance the values and goalsRead MoreSocial Work Values And Ethics1441 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Social Work Values and Ethics 1 Social Work Values and Ethics Unique to the Profession Jessica A. Rosario Arizona State University Social Work Values and Ethics 2 Abstract The history and evolution of social work dates to the late 1800’s. Since the profession was recognized many concerns arose regarding the values and ethics of social workers. The key points of theRead MoreValues and Reflection Paper837 Words   |  4 PagesValues and Reflection Paper Enrique Riccardi CJA/474 - MANAGING CRIMINAL JUSTICE PERSONNEL January 25, 2014 Jason Husky Abstract Reflection paper will address some topics while reflecting on core values, brief description on how some professionals in the field acquire their own values and with time may change their values. It will give a definition of what values in the workplace are, and explain what these values do for us as professionals. In this paper the reader will also be

Great Gatsbys American Dream Essay Example For Students

Great Gatsbys American Dream Essay The Great Gatsby, a novel by Scott Fitzgerald, is about the American Dream, andthe downfall of those who attempt to reach its impossible goals. The attempt tocapture the American Dream is used in many novels. This dream is different fordifferent people; but, in The Great Gatsby, for Jay, the dream is that throughwealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get this happiness Jay mustreach into the past and relive an old dream; and, in order to do this, he musthave wealth and power. The American Dream had always been based on the idea thateach person no matter who he or she is can become successful in life by his orher hard work. The dream also brought about the idea of a self-reliant man, ahard worker, making a successful living for him or herself. The Great Gatsby isabout what happened to the American Dream in the 1920s, a time period when themany people with newfound wealth and the need to flaunt it had corrupted thedream. The pursuit of the American Dream is the one motivation for accomplishingones goals, however when combined with wealth the dream becomes nothing morethan selfishness. Jay Gatsby, the main character of the story, is one characterthat longs for the past. Surprisingly, he spends most of his adult life tryingto recapture it and, finally, dies in this pursuit. In the past, Gatsby had alove affair with the attractive young Daisy. Knowing he could not marry herbecause of the difference in their social status, he leaves her to gain wealthto reach her standards. Once he acquires wealth, he moves near to Daisy,Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay(p83), and throws extravagant parties, hoping by chance she might show upat one of them. He, himself, does not attend his parties but watches them from adistance. When this dream doesnt fall into place like he planned, he asksaround if anyone knows her. Soon, he meets Nick Carraway, a cousin of Daisy, whoagrees to set up a meeting, He wants to knowif youll invite Daisy toyour house some afternoon and then let him come over (p83). Gatsbyspersonal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream where all have theopportunity to get what they want. Later, in the Plaza Hotel, Jay still believesthat Daisy loves him. He is convinced of this and even takes the blame forMyrtles death. Was Daisy driving? Yes. But of course Illsay I was (p151). He also watches Daisy as she returns home to make sureher husband doesnt harm her. How long are you going to wait?All night if necessary (p152). Gatsby cannot accept that the past isgone and done with. He believes that he acted for her and beyond his personalinterest and that that should guarantee his success. Nick attempts to show Jaythat his dream is unobtainable, but Gatsby innocently replies to Nicks commentby saying, Yes you can, old sport (p141). This shows the confidencethat Jay has in fulfilling his American Dream. For Jay, his American Dream isnot material possessions, although it plays a big part in the fulfillment of histrue American Dream, Daisy. Gatsby does not rest until his American Dream isfinally fulfilled. However, it never comes about and he ends up paying theultimate price for it. Gatsbys own characteristics, especially his obsession,contributed to his fate. Despite his attitude toward Daisy and her friends whoare rich and play polo together, he, too, has been drawn in by thelure of money and fame. Unable to control his obsessive desire to have daisy, hecares little about the means by which he acquires the money to marry her. Heassociates with known criminals, appears to be involved with bootlegging, and isrumored to have killed a man. Finally, he lies about himself and his family toget Nicks help for his quest. The means he uses to achieve his goal ends up tobe everything that he despises about the people who come to his parties. Heprefers the pretty illusions he thinks of rather than the harsh reality of theobsession that he has allowed to corrupt his life and dream. The result of thi scorruption is that his so-called American Dream has vanished before his eyes. .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd , .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd .postImageUrl , .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd , .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd:hover , .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd:visited , .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd:active { border:0!important; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd:active , .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua03ce260e4f8c5ce9c6fc0ba13aa02bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Typography: Review Essay The idea of the American Dream still holds true in todays time, no matter ifits wealth, love, or fame. But one thing never changes about the AmericanDream; everyone desires something in life, and everyone, somehow, strives to getit. Gatsby is a prime example of pursuing the American Dream, and I think thatthis story would teach the reader to be less cynical so that we try to achievethe American Dream and not leave it as that just a dream. English Essays